Wymysorys

Wymysorys by Amy Humphries on Unsplash. It is a highly endangered language with a limited number of speakers.

By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. To learn more, view our Privacy Policy. To browse Academia. The classification of Wymysorys is a contentious issue and one that has been the focus of much of the scholarly work on the language over the past century. Historically Wymysorys has been grouped alongside languages such as Modern German as an Irminonic Language; this classification however, has been made largely without consideration of the phonological and morphological character of the language.

Wymysorys

The status of Wymysorys is complex because, genealogically, it belongs to the East Central dialect group of High German. Nevertheless, based on the self-identification of users as a group separate from the Germans and the existence of a literary language or, more precisely, a microlanguage , it can be considered a separate language. In origin, Wymysorys is traced to derive from 12th-century Middle High German , with a strong influence from Polish , and presumably also some influence from Low German , Dutch , Old English and perhaps Frisian. Halcnovian were spoken, Wymysorys speakers did not self-identify as Germans and used Polish, not German, as Dachsprache. However, it seems it has been in decline since the late 19th century. Nowadays, as part of saving the Wymysorys culture, new songs and lyrics are written in this language. The play Hobbit. Tolkien , which was staged, among others, at the Polish Theatre in Warsaw in February Members of the Wikimedia Polska association were also involved in saving this dying language. Wymysorys has been for centuries mostly a spoken language.

For a comprehensive study of the phonology of Wymysorys in Polish see Klezckowski The High German Sound Shift The High German Sound Shift refers to the system wymysorys changes whereby the voiceless stops of Germanic became fricatives and affricates while voiced stops became voiceless, wymysorys, wymysorys.

Kacper is one of the new speakers of Wymysorys. He started to learn this language a year ago and now he uses it to communicate with his friends at school and through Facebook. She started to learn this language 3 years ago and a couple of months ago she passed her first Wymysorys exam. Educational materials with verb conjugation exercises in Wymysorys language. The illustrations, which depict everyday life of the Wilamowicean people, their traditional clothes, celebrations and landscapes, allow the reader to immerse himself in the Wilamowicean culture.

There are over languages indigenous to Europe , and most belong to the Indo-European language family. Indo-Aryan , though a large subfamily of Indo-European, has a relatively small number of languages in Europe, and a small number of speakers Romani , c. However, a number of Indo-Aryan languages not native to Europe are spoken in Europe today. Of the approximately 45 million Europeans speaking non-Indo-European languages, most speak languages within either the Uralic or Turkic families. Still smaller groups — such as Basque language isolate , Semitic languages Maltese , c. Five languages have more than 50 million native speakers in Europe: Russian , English , French , Italian , and German. Russian is the most-spoken native language in Europe, [4] and English has the largest number of speakers in total, including some million speakers of English as a second or foreign language. See English language in Europe. The Indo-European language family is descended from Proto-Indo-European , which is believed to have been spoken thousands of years ago.

Wymysorys

The written form of this dialect from the Luxembourg rule played an important role in the history of the German language for its balancing function between the written upper Austrian and southern German dialects and eastern Central dialects of central Germany , which later developed the spelling of Modern German writing Standard German. In the historical development of Prague, there were four periods, which were culturally and linguistically autonomous. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. German dialect of Prague, Czech Republic.

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Chronology of Ingvaeonic 23 2. Polish Etymology: Past, Present, Future. Also possible, while less likely, is the hypothesis that speakers of Old Frisian or Middle Dutch varieties came via the Low German territories, losing h- in all but the masculine nominative singular forms. The h- form is found almost exclusively in the Ingvaeonic and Low Franconian languages and in those varieties of Central German that were geographically contiguous to these languages. It is especially unlikely that this is a shared Frisian innovation that has been preserved in Wymysorys, given that difficulty Wymysorys has not undergone further development of the palatalised velar consonants, also a proto-Frisian feature Bremmer ; The microlanguage, now spoken as native by fewer than 20 Wilamowiceans, and still without any official recognition at the administrative level, is experiencing an astonishing, but well-prepared and local culture-based Specifically, it was hypothesised that Wymysorys may be an Istvaeonic language, descendant from the Low Franconian varieties of Flanders and the Netherlands. He started to learn this language a year ago and now he uses it to communicate with his friends at school and through Facebook. Die deutshe Mundart von Wilamowice zwischen und Bremmer, R. The four-case distinction was once common for all West Germanic and so its retention in Wymysorys is not as interesting as if it had been lost. Amsterdam: Rodopi. The Germanic Family Tree Figure 2. Of the phonological innovations described in this chapter, three might be considered Ingvaeonic: the palatalisation of velar plosives section 3.

German dialects are the various traditional local varieties of the German language. Though varied by region, those of the southern half of Germany beneath the Benrath line are dominated by the geographical spread of the High German consonant shift , and the dialect continuum that connects German to the neighboring varieties of Low Franconian Dutch and Frisian.

Significantly, it is not a feature of Wymysorys. Such an analysis is beyond the limits of the data available at this time. Revitalizing Endangered Languages. As Yiddish traditionally uses the Hebrew alphabet, Yiddish examples discussed in this paper will be presented in transliteration, using the Romanised form, as in Jacobs Gara, J. These include lessons, the compliation of the first Wymysory dictionary, and the establishment of a standardized orthography. For Wymysorys, the principal contact with the German language, since at least the 19th century, was with the standard form Wicherkiewicz ; I will treat Scots as a language separate to English, for the remainder of this paper, as in Lewis So: Wymysorys Std. BMC pulmonary medicine Childhood asthma, asthma severity indicators, and related conditions along an urban-rural gradient: a cross-sectional study. Given their importance to this paper, I will briefly discuss the distinction between East and West Central German varieties before moving on.