What replaced the encomienda system

The encomienda system was a labor system instituted by the Spanish crown in the American colonies. In this system, a Spanish encomendero was granted a number of native laborers who would pay tributes to him in exchange for his protection, what replaced the encomienda system. In the early 16th century, the Spanish crown set up the encomienda system in the Americas to divide up the American Indian labor force in order to aid the development of their mining ecomony. Under this system a Spanish conquistador, or another prominent male Spaniard known as an encomenderowas granted the labor of a certain number of Native Americans living in the area.

During the 16 th century, Spanish imperialists employed the encomienda system during their conquest of the Americas and the Philippines. Although in name indigenous people were assigned to be in charge of the labor, the natives were vastly mistreated. This setup led to decades of enslavement and exploitation of Native American peoples and perpetuated the cruel domination by the Spanish in the New World. Since its establishment in , the encomienda system was under scrutiny. He pushed for the New Laws in , which gave indigenous peoples certain rights and allowed for the gradual abolition of the encomienda system. However, these laws were met with revolts from the encomenderos who were in charge of plots of land with slave labor.

What replaced the encomienda system

The labourers, in theory, were provided with benefits by the conquerors for whom they laboured, including military protection and education. The encomienda was first established in Spain following the Christian reconquest of Moorish territories known to Christians as the Reconquista , and it was applied on a much larger scale during the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Spanish East Indies. Conquered peoples were considered vassals of the Spanish monarch. The Crown awarded an encomienda as a grant to a particular individual. In the conquest era of the early sixteenth century, the grants were considered to be a monopoly on the labour of particular groups of indigenous peoples , held in perpetuity by the grant holder, called the encomendero ; starting from the New Laws of , the encomienda ended upon the death of the encomendero , and was replaced by the repartimiento. Encomiendas devolved from their original Iberian form into a form of "communal" slavery. In the encomienda , the Spanish Crown granted a person a specified number of natives from a specific community but did not dictate which individuals in the community would have to provide their labour. Indigenous leaders were charged with mobilising the assessed tribute and labour. In turn, encomenderos were to ensure that the encomienda natives were given instruction in Catholicism and the Spanish language , to protect them from warring tribes or pirates ; to suppress rebellion against Spaniards, and maintain infrastructure. The natives provided tributes in the form of metals, maize , wheat, pork, and other agricultural products. Both natives and Spaniards appealed to the Real Audiencias for relief under the encomienda system. Encomiendas have often been characterized by the geographical displacement of the enslaved and breakup of communities and family units, but in New Spain , the encomienda ruled the free vassals of the crown through existing community hierarchies, and the natives remained in their settlements with their families.

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This illustration of the horrors of the encomienda system highlights the way women and children were particularly vulnerable to abuse by Spanish enslavers. Heidelbergar: typis Guilielmi VValteri acad, New-York Historical Society Library. The spread of Catholicism was the stated goal of the Spanish conquest of the Americas, but the Spanish also wanted to profit from their new territories. Once the treasures of Indigenous civilizations were looted, colonists turned to mining and plantation farming to make their fortunes, and they needed to find cheap labor to maximize their profits. In her early instructions for the governance of the colonies, Queen Isabella I of Spain required all Indigenous people to pay tribute to the crown or its representatives. The encomienda system was created as a result of this directive. In this system, encomendero s were awarded the control of all the Indigenous people who lived in a defined territory and did not convert to Christianity. This power was usually awarded in recognition of special services to the crown.

What replaced the encomienda system

With Indigenous governments such as the efficient Inca Empire in ruins, the Spanish conquistadors needed to find a way to rule their new subjects. The encomienda system was put in place in several areas, most importantly in Peru. Under the encomienda system, prominent Spaniards were entrusted with Native Peruvian communities. In exchange for the stolen labor of Indigenous people and tribute, the Spanish lord would provide protection and education. In reality, however, the encomienda system was thinly-masked enslavement and led to some of the worst horrors of the colonial era. The word encomienda comes from the Spanish word encomendar , meaning "to entrust.

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Comprehensive review of grammar skills. ISBN The Spanish also used ecomienda in the Philippines, and even in Spain itself. Cambridge University Press. Magoosh Test Prep Expert. The Spanish crown, against the forced labor of indigenous people, passed the Laws of Burgos in an attempt to reform the system. October 27, Historia De Chile. However, in Peru and New Spain the encomienda institution lasted much longer. The system resulted in the widespread abuse of indigenous peoples, as well as the theft of their land. The king usually intervened directly or indirectly in the bond, by guaranteeing the fairness of the agreement and intervening militarily in case of abuse.

During the 16 th century, Spanish imperialists employed the encomienda system during their conquest of the Americas and the Philippines. Although in name indigenous people were assigned to be in charge of the labor, the natives were vastly mistreated. This setup led to decades of enslavement and exploitation of Native American peoples and perpetuated the cruel domination by the Spanish in the New World.

Abc-Clio, LLC. These motives and the scale of harvesting created the need for a large and cheap labor force, which the Spanish found in the form of slavery. The encomienda in early Philippine colonial history PDF. Archived PDF from the original on Indigenous leaders were charged with mobilising the assessed tribute and labour. The system was intended to be a way to enter into a peaceable and mutually beneficial relationship with the indigenous peoples of America; however, the system quickly devolved into essentially a system of slavery. This system originated in the Catholic south of Spain to extract labour and tribute from Muslims Moors before they were exiled in after the Moorish defeat in the Granada War. The correct answer is D. As noted, the change of requiring the encomendado to be returned to the crown after two generations was frequently overlooked, as the colonists did not want to give up the labour or power. After a major Crown reform in , known as the New Laws , encomendero families were restricted to holding the grant for two generations. Archived from the original on 3 December Brittani Chambers.