Sv40

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Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Since its discovery, simian virus 40 SV40 has been one of the most intensely studied animal viruses. The molecular biology of SV40 has led to seminal discoveries in the fields of transcription, DNA replication, and oncogenic transformation Over the last decade, provocative evidence has accumulated that suggests that SV40 may be a human pathogen. Does SV40 infect humans? If so, when did this monkey polyomavirus enter the human population and where is the reservoir?

Sv40

Infectious Agents and Cancer volume 2 , Article number: 13 Cite this article. Metrics details. Simian virus 40 SV40 is a monkey virus that was administered to human populations by contaminated vaccines which were produced in SV40 naturally infected monkey cells. Recent molecular biology and epidemiological studies suggest that SV40 may be contagiously transmitted in humans by horizontal infection, independently from the earlier administration of SVcontaminated vaccines. SV40 footprints in humans have been found associated at high prevalence with specific tumor types such as brain and bone tumors, mesotheliomas and lymphomas and with kidney diseases, and at lower prevalence in blood samples from healthy donors. Contrasting reports appeared in the literature on the circulation of SV40 in humans by contagious transmission and its association, as a possible etiologic cofactor, with specific human tumors. As a consequence of the conflicting results, a considerable debate has developed in the scientific community. Simian virus 40 SV40 is a monkey virus which was accidentally administered to humans, in the years '63, through contaminated poliovirus vaccines. The subsequent findings of the transforming and oncogenity activities of the SV40 viral large T Tag and small t tag antigens, have prompted investigations into the potential of SV40 to induce cancer in humans. To date, hundreds of molecular and epidemiologic studies aimed at investigating whether SV40 infects humans, its potential mode of transmission and its putative role in human tumors, have been published. In this review we evaluate the biological, pathological and clinical evidence of SV40 in human cancers, non-malignant diseases and blood samples. SV40 was assigned to the family of Papovaviridae , an acronym proposed by Melnick and obtained by fusing the names of the three representative viruses Pa pilloma, Po lyoma, and Va cuolating agent.

Sv40 Simian virus 40 SV40 is a monkey virus that was administered to human populations by contaminated vaccines which were produced in SV40 naturally infected monkey cells, sv40.

SV40 is an abbreviation for simian vacuolating virus 40 or simian virus 40 , a polyomavirus that is found in both monkeys and humans. Like other polyomaviruses, SV40 is a DNA virus that sometimes causes tumors in animals, but most often persists as a latent infection. SV40 has been widely studied as a model eukaryotic virus, leading to many early discoveries in eukaryotic DNA replication [1] and transcription. Following contamination of polio vaccine batches in the s and s, SV40 came under suspicion as a possible cancer risk, but no subsequent increased cancer rate was observed, making such a risk unlikely. The hypothesis that SV40 might cause cancer in humans was a particularly controversial area of research, fuelled by the historical contamination of some batches of polio vaccine with SV40 in the s and s. It has been suggested that SV40 may act as a co-carcinogen with crocidolite asbestos to cause mesothelioma. Some vaccines made in the US between and were found to be contaminated with SV40, from the growth medium and from the original seed strain.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. The polyomavirus simian virus 40 SV40 is a known oncogenic DNA virus which induces primary brain and bone cancers, malignant mesothelioma, and lymphomas in laboratory animals. Persuasive evidence now indicates that SV40 is causing infections in humans today and represents an emerging pathogen. A meta-analysis of molecular, pathological, and clinical data from 1, cancer patients indicates that there is a significant excess risk of SV40 associated with human primary brain cancers, primary bone cancers, malignant mesothelioma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Experimental data strongly suggest that SV40 may be functionally important in the development of some of those human malignancies. Therefore, the major types of tumors induced by SV40 in laboratory animals are the same as those human malignancies found to contain SV40 markers.

Sv40

Infectious Agents and Cancer volume 2 , Article number: 13 Cite this article. Metrics details. Simian virus 40 SV40 is a monkey virus that was administered to human populations by contaminated vaccines which were produced in SV40 naturally infected monkey cells. Recent molecular biology and epidemiological studies suggest that SV40 may be contagiously transmitted in humans by horizontal infection, independently from the earlier administration of SVcontaminated vaccines. SV40 footprints in humans have been found associated at high prevalence with specific tumor types such as brain and bone tumors, mesotheliomas and lymphomas and with kidney diseases, and at lower prevalence in blood samples from healthy donors. Contrasting reports appeared in the literature on the circulation of SV40 in humans by contagious transmission and its association, as a possible etiologic cofactor, with specific human tumors. As a consequence of the conflicting results, a considerable debate has developed in the scientific community. Simian virus 40 SV40 is a monkey virus which was accidentally administered to humans, in the years '63, through contaminated poliovirus vaccines. The subsequent findings of the transforming and oncogenity activities of the SV40 viral large T Tag and small t tag antigens, have prompted investigations into the potential of SV40 to induce cancer in humans.

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SV40 is capable of multiplicity reactivation MR. This nomenclature is confusing since the virus can clearly replicate in some human cell types more efficiently than in others, although the development of cytopathic effect is more rapid in African green monkey kidney cells. From reference 13 ; used with permission. To settle this dispute, two multi-institutional studies were performed to examine the presence of SV40 in human malignant mesotheliomas [ , ]. Oncogene 9 : Scherneck, and E. In contrast, the SV40 regulatory region may contain large insertions, deletions or duplications [ ], and rearrangements have been observed to occur within individual infected monkeys [ ] and during the passage of SV40 in certain cultured cells [ ]. Katki, N. Sacco, F. In addition, SV40 tag is able to enhance transcription from E2F-activated promoters of early growth response genes [ 47 , 48 ]. Microbiol Immunol. As a consequence of the conflicting results, a considerable debate has developed in the scientific community.

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Iuzzolino, G. Cancer 85 : Croul, S. Seroepidemiology and a basic understanding of virus biology in humans are essential pieces missing from the puzzle. Grossi, and G. Considering that molecular biology approaches provide sensitive and specific approaches to analyze infectious diseases and malignancies with a possible infectious etiology, studies using these modern methods should be used to assess the distribution of SV40 infections and morbidity in humans today. The steady-state level of p53 in normal mesothelial cells is fourfold higher than that in fibroblasts, suggesting that the elevated p53 level interferes with the effect of LT upon DNA replication 4. We found that in mesothelial cells and in astrocytes, but not in fibroblasts, the sense mRNA does not detach from the SV40 DNA template and continues to run along the circular genome, resulting in the formation of an antisense RNA that pairs with the mRNA coding for the capsid proteins, forming double-stranded mRNA that is degraded Figure 3. Cell 37 : Cancer Res. JAMA : Magagnoli, F.