Myenteric plexus

At the time the article was last revised Mostafa Elfeky had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose. The myenteric plexus also known as the Auerbach plexus plural: plexuses refers to a network of nerves between the layers of the muscular propria in the gastrointestinal system, myenteric plexus. Among other things, the myenteric plexus helps regulate peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract. The plexus is part of the enteric myenteric plexus system ENS and is partly regulated by the vagus nerve cranial nerve X.

Myenteric plexus a. Auerbach plexus refers to a local circuitry of neurons and ganglia which is situated within the gut wall from esophagus to the rectum. It is sandwiched between the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of muscularis externa and innervates the smooth muscle of the gut. The myenteric plexus , in association with another plexus of nerves, called the submucosal plexus, make up the enteric nervous system. The enteric nervous system helps regulate the peristalsis, secretions and vasculature within the gut. While it can act independently from the central nervous system, its activity is primarily regulated by autonomic pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons coming from the anterior and posterior vagal trunks.

Myenteric plexus

The myenteric plexus or Auerbach's plexus provides motor innervation to both layers of the muscular layer of the gut, having both parasympathetic and sympathetic input although present ganglion cell bodies belong to parasympathetic innervation, fibers from sympathetic innervation also reach the plexus , whereas the submucous plexus provides secretomotor innervation to the mucosa nearest the lumen of the gut. It arises from cells in the vagal trigone also known as the nucleus ala cinerea, the parasympathetic nucleus of origin for the tenth cranial nerve vagus nerve , located in the medulla oblongata. The fibers are carried by both the anterior and posterior vagal nerves. The myenteric plexus is the major nerve supply to the gastrointestinal tract and controls GI tract motility. A part of the enteric nervous system , the myenteric plexus exists between the longitudinal and circular layers of muscularis externa in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the muscles of the esophagus, stomach, and intestine. The ganglia have properties similar to the central nervous system CNS. These properties include presence of glia, interneurons, a small extracellular space, dense synaptic neuropil, isolation from blood vessels, multiple synaptic mechanisms and multiple neurotransmitters. The myenteric plexus originates in the medulla oblongata as a collection of neurons from the ventral part of the brain stem. The vagus nerve then carries the axons to their destination in the gastrointestinal tract. They contain Dogiel cells. The myenteric plexus functions as a part of the enteric nervous system digestive system. The enteric nervous system can and does function autonomously, but normal digestive function requires communication links between this intrinsic system and the central nervous system. The ENS contains sensory receptors, primary afferent neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. The events that are controlled, at least in part, by the ENS are multiple and include motor activity, secretion, absorption, blood flow, and interaction with other organs such as the gallbladder or pancreas.

Through these cross connections, the gut can provide sensory information to the CNS, and the CNS can affect gastrointestinal function.

Federal government websites often end in. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. The site is secure. NCBI Bookshelf. Jasmin Shahrestani ; Joe M Das. Auerbach plexus named after Leopold Auerbach , also known by the name of myenteric plexus, is a group of ganglia that run throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract and innervate its multiple layers of smooth muscle. This collection of nerves is sandwiched between two layers of the muscularis externa, the inner circular muscle layer, and the outer longitudinal muscle.

Auerbach plexus named after Leopold Auerbach , also known by the name of myenteric plexus, is a group of ganglia that run throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract and innervate its multiple layers of smooth muscle. This collection of nerves is sandwiched between two layers of the muscularis externa, the inner circular muscle layer, and the outer longitudinal muscle. Combined with another set of nerves, the submucosal Meissner plexus, they make up the enteric nervous system. The myenteric plexus is principally responsible for the peristaltic movement of the bowels. While it can act independently from the central nervous system, it receives innervation from the autonomic nervous system, connecting the central and enteric nervous systems. The dysfunction of this structure is the etiology underlying several disorders, including Hirschsprung disease, achalasia, and gastroparesis. The myenteric plexus is also the target of mu receptor opioids. Excerpt Auerbach plexus named after Leopold Auerbach , also known by the name of myenteric plexus, is a group of ganglia that run throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract and innervate its multiple layers of smooth muscle.

Myenteric plexus

The myenteric plexus or Auerbach's plexus provides motor innervation to both layers of the muscular layer of the gut, having both parasympathetic and sympathetic input although present ganglion cell bodies belong to parasympathetic innervation, fibers from sympathetic innervation also reach the plexus , whereas the submucous plexus provides secretomotor innervation to the mucosa nearest the lumen of the gut. It arises from cells in the vagal trigone also known as the nucleus ala cinerea, the parasympathetic nucleus of origin for the tenth cranial nerve vagus nerve , located in the medulla oblongata. The fibers are carried by both the anterior and posterior vagal nerves.

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Profile My cases. Peroral endoscopic myotomy POEM is a procedure that originated as an innovative treatment for achalasia. Loading Stack - 0 images remaining. It acts on the D2 and 5HT4 receptors. Unable to process the form. Neuroanatomy, Auerbach Plexus. Tullington JE, Blecker N. Control of these signals is initiated by various neurotransmitters that can produce either relaxation or contraction of these smooth muscles. The myenteric plexus originates in the medulla oblongata as a collection of neurons from the ventral part of the brain stem. Since many of the same neurotransmitters are found in the ENS as the brain, it follows that myenteric neurons can express receptors for both peptide and non-peptide amines, amino acids, purines neurotransmitters. These excitatory and inhibitory neural effects get transmitted through the pacemaker cells of the gastrointestinal tract, ICC, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha. Bulk Download. Google Analytics. Archived from the original on Combined with another set of nerves, the submucosal Meissner plexus, they make up the enteric nervous system.

The enteric nervous system ENS is located in the gastrointestinal tract. It is a system of sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons that extends from the esophagus to the rectum. It is a part of the autonomic nervous system ANS , which also includes the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.

Log in Sign up. Primarily on the myenteric plexus of the longitudinal muscle layer, these medications inhibit peristalsis, stimulate pyloric tone, lengthen transit time, and increase the tone of the anal sphincter. Edit article. Anatomischer Anzeiger. These excitatory and inhibitory neural effects get transmitted through the pacemaker cells of the gastrointestinal tract, ICC, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha. Myenteric plexi destruction has been found to be secondary to Chagas disease T. Innervation becomes primarily stimulated by vagal efferents that originate in the dorsal motor nucleus. There are numerous neurotransmitters involved in this process. Diagnosis is made with esophageal manometry, demonstrating a lack of peristalsis in the distal two-thirds of the esophagus, incomplete lower esophageal relaxation, and elevated resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure. World J Diabetes. Terminologia Anatomica.