Minority stress model meyer

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Minority stress theory has widespread research support in explaining health disparities experienced by sexual and gender minorities. However, less is known about how minority stress impacts multiply marginalized groups, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, minority stress model meyer, and transgender people of color LGBT POC.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. In this article the author reviews research evidence on the prevalence of mental disorders in lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals LGBs and shows, using meta-analyses, that LGBs have a higher prevalence of mental disorders than heterosexuals. The author offers a conceptual framework for understanding this excess in prevalence of disorder in terms of minority stress —explaining that stigma, prejudice, and discrimination create a hostile and stressful social environment that causes mental health problems. The model describes stress processes, including the experience of prejudice events, expectations of rejection, hiding and concealing, internalized homophobia, and ameliorative coping processes. This conceptual framework is the basis for the review of research evidence, suggestions for future research directions, and exploration of public policy implications. The study of mental health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual LGB populations has been complicated by the debate on the classification of homosexuality as a mental disorder during the s and early s.

Minority stress model meyer

Minority stress describes high levels of stress faced by members of stigmatized minority groups. Over the past three decades, social scientists have found that minority individuals suffer from mental and physical health disparities compared to their peers in majority groups. This research has focused primarily on racial and sexual minorities. For example, Black Americans have been found to suffer elevated rates of hypertension compared to whites. One causal explanation for minority health disparities is the social selection hypothesis, which holds that there is something inherent to being in a minority group e. Instead, research suggests that environmental factors explain minority health disparities better than do genetic factors. A second hypothesis regarding the causes of minority health disparities suggests that minority group members face difficult social situations that lead to poor health. Minority stress theory extends the social causation hypothesis by suggesting that social situations do not lead directly to poor health for minority individuals, but that difficult social situations cause stress for minority individuals, which accrues over time, resulting in long-term health deficits. When being applied to sexual and gender minorities, the term minority stress first appeared in the book Minority Stress in Lesbian Women by Virginia Rae Brooks, later known as Winn Kelly Brooks. Minority Stress Theory, as it is currently referenced, was coined by Illan Meyer in his research study " Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Meyer's version of minority stress theory distinguishes between distal and proximal stress processes. Proximal stress processes are internal, and are often the byproduct of distal stressors; they include concealment of one's minority identity, vigilance and anxiety about prejudice, and negative feelings about one's own minority group. Together, distal and proximal stressors accrue over time, leading to chronically high levels of stress that cause poor health outcomes. Thus, minority stress theory has three primary tenets:. These three tenets of the minority stress theory have been tested in over empirical studies, most of which examined racial and sexual minority populations.

Cohler and Galatzer-Levy critiqued analyses that ignore important generational and cohort effects. If the stress model is correct, both types of remedies can lead to a reduction in mental health problems, but they have different ethical implications.

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Minority stress refers to a conceptual model that describes stressors embedded in the social position of sexual minority individuals as causes of health-related conditions, such as mental disorders, psychological distress, physical disorders, health behaviors e. The minority stress model suggests that because of stigma, prejudice, and discrimination, lesbian, gay, and bisexual people experience more stress than do heterosexuals and that this stress can lead to mental and physical disorders. This chapter begins with a brief overview of the minority stress model. It then discusses the domains of health and well-being that are affected by minority stressors, including mental health, physical health, health behaviors, and well-being. Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways:. Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.

Minority stress model meyer

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender LGBT older adults comprise a unique and growing subset of the aging population. The historical context in which they came of age was imbued with victimization and discrimination.

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Critical psychology: An introduction. For example, Erving Goffman observed that racial minorities approach social interactions with a high degree of anxiety, because they have been discriminated against in the past. New York: Cambridge University Press. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, Heterosexual bias in the identity self-portraits of gay men, lesbians, and bisexuals. Stress, expectancies, and vulnerability to substance abuse: A test of a model among homosexual men. Stress, culture, and community: The psychology and philosophy of stress. It is important to note, however, that these omitted elements—including advantages and disadvantages in the wider environment, personal predispositions, biological background, ongoing situations, and appraisal and coping—are integral parts of the stress model and are essential for a comprehensive understanding of the stress process Dohrenwend, b , Risks of psychiatric disorders among individuals reporting same-sex sexual partners in the National Comorbidity Survey. There are some reasons to suspect that publication bias is not a great threat to the present analysis. If in a random population sample the prevalence of disorders would be found to be higher among LGB respondents than among their heterosexual peers and if stress mechanisms explained the excess in this prevalence of disorder, then minority stress predictions would be strongly supported. The death rate from suicide for African American men was almost four times that for African American women, in OCLC

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As objective stressors, distal stressors can be seen as independent of personal identification with the assigned minority status Diamond, Recent racial incidents in higher education: A preliminary perspective. Models for the stress-buffering functions of coping resources. Methodologists have endorsed bootstrapping methods and found in simulation studies that they outperformed the traditional normal theory approach Mallinckrodt et al. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, Sexuality Research and Social Policy. Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Hiding and fear of being identified do not end with adolescence. Participants indicated strength of agreement ranging from one Strongly Agree to five Strongly Disagree , with higher scores indicating higher connection. The Journal of Black Psychology, 18, If the stress model is correct, both types of remedies can lead to a reduction in mental health problems, but they have different ethical implications. The handbook of research synthesis.