Dorsal de mount

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The specific role of the striatum, especially its dorsolateral DLS and dorsomedial DMS parts, in male copulatory behavior is still debated. In order to clarify their contribution to male sexual behavior, we specifically ablated the major striatal neuronal subpopulations, direct and indirect medium spiny neurons dMSNs and iMSNs in DMS or DLS, and dMSNs, iMSNs and cholinergic interneurons in nucleus accumbens NAc , The main results of this study can be summarized as follows: In DMS, dMSN ablation causes a reduction in the percent of mice that mount a receptive female, and a complex alteration in the parameters of the copulatory performance, that is largely opposite to the alterations induced by iMSN ablation. In DLS, dMSN ablation causes a widespread alteration in the copulatory behavior parameters, that tends to disappear at repetition of the test; iMSN ablation induces minor copulatory behavior alterations that are complementary to those observed after dMSN ablation. In NAc, dMSN ablation causes a marked reduction in the percent of mice that mount a receptive female and a disruption of copulatory behavior, while iMSN ablation induces minor copulatory behavior alterations that are opposite to those observed with dMSN ablation, and cholinergic neuron ablation induces a selective decrease in mount latency. Overall, present data point to a complex region and cell-specific contribution to copulatory behavior of the different neuronal subpopulations of both dorsal and ventral striatum, with a prominent role of the dMSNs of the different subregions. Abstract The specific role of the striatum, especially its dorsolateral DLS and dorsomedial DMS parts, in male copulatory behavior is still debated.

Dorsal de mount

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However, MT responses remained robust and largely unaffected following V1 lesions sustained in early life Yu et al. The length of the food reward in each dorsal de mount was measured against the reference scale and plotted against the MGA for the trial using Prism software version 8. J Neurosci.

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Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals , including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position provides a definition of what is at the front "anterior" , behind "posterior" and so on. As part of defining and describing terms, the body is described through the use of anatomical planes and anatomical axes. The meaning of terms that are used can change depending on whether an organism is bipedal or quadrupedal. Additionally, for some animals such as invertebrates , some terms may not have any meaning at all; for example, an animal that is radially symmetrical will have no anterior surface, but can still have a description that a part is close to the middle "proximal" or further from the middle "distal".

Dorsal de mount

Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Optical techniques for functional imaging in mice have a number of key advantages over other common imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography or computed tomography, including high resolution, low cost and an extensive library of available contrast agents and reporter genes. A major challenge to such work is the limited penetration depth imposed by tissue turbidity.

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The resulting images were smoothed with 1 mm isotropic Gaussian kernel. Brain Res — The DS of a cell was determined by calculating a direction selectivity index Ringach et al. Brain sections were imaged with an Axio Imager Z1 microscope Zeiss. Additionally, we wanted to determine whether there are behaviors and brain areas that critically depend on MT. Eur J Neurosci 12 — Exp Brain Res — Most notably, MT-lesioned animals showed impairment in their ability to engage in a static reach-and-grasp task in which the food reward is placed in a narrow slot so that the animal must only use the index and thumb for successful retrieval of the food reward. Table 2. Dylan M. PV cell density within layers 2 and 3, 4, or layers 5 and 6 was determined within each area of interest. The seminal works of Goodale and Milner and Ungerleider and Mishkin proposed the existence of two neocortical pathways that have a dichotomous visual functional specialization. J Neurosci 5 —

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Vis Neurosci 9 — Animals were given a 10 s response time for each trial. Independent variable Description Speed 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 RPM Direction Clockwise or anticlockwise Hand use Aperture blocked to allow for only the left or right hand for object retrieval. Neuroimage 31 — Squares represent the horizontal meridian. Previously, studies have examined the physiological properties of neurons in MT following a lesion in V1 Rodman et al. However, it is possible that the deficits observed in this adult lesion model are because of the lesion extending beyond MT, as removal of underlying white matter was a component of the ablation, and degeneration of the LGN was observed, suggesting damage to the optic radiation. Details of the experimentation each animal underwent are shown in Table 1. Objects were consistently placed in the same spot of the turntable. Together, the basic retinotopic layout and physiological properties of V1 neurons appeared unaffected by the early-life MT lesion, with one exception. Neurol Res 1 —