Demonstrated meaning in punjabi

Metrics details. The aim of the study was to translate and validate the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale into Punjabi, demonstrated meaning in punjabi. The HADS was translated into Punjabi by a multidisciplinary team, verified against the original version, and administered to 73 bilingual patients attending an outpatient clinic. One sample t-tests and the Bland-Altman plots demonstrated acceptable linguistic agreement between the two versions of the HADS.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. The aim of the study was to translate and validate the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale into Punjabi. The HADS was translated into Punjabi by a multidisciplinary team, verified against the original version, and administered to 73 bilingual patients attending an outpatient clinic. One sample t-tests and the Bland-Altman plots demonstrated acceptable linguistic agreement between the two versions of the HADS. Concordance rates revealed that the Punjabi HADS adequately identified borderline cases of anxiety Cronbach alpha coefficients revealed high levels of internal consistency for both the Punjabi and English versions 0.

Demonstrated meaning in punjabi

Speech-to-speech translation is yet to reach the same level of coverage as text-to-text translation systems. The current speech technology is highly limited in its coverage of over languages spoken worldwide, leaving more than half of the population deprived of such technology and shared experiences. With voice-assisted technology such as social robots and speech-to-text apps and auditory content such as podcasts and lectures on the rise, ensuring that the technology is available for all is more important than ever. Speech translation can play a vital role in mitigating technological disparity and creating a more inclusive society. With a motive to contribute towards speech translation research for low-resource languages, our work presents a direct speech-to-speech translation model for one of the Indic languages called Punjabi to English. Additionally, we explore the performance of using a discrete representation of speech called discrete acoustic units as input to the Transformer-based translation model. The model, abbreviated as Unit-to-Unit Translation U2UT , takes a sequence of discrete units of the source language the language being translated from and outputs a sequence of discrete units of the target language the language being translated to. Speech technology can play a vital role in bridging the gap between cultures of the world, fostering the exchange of ideas, and enabling more shared experiences. Several automated services offer speech translation, including industry leaders like Google Translate, DeepL, and Bing Microsoft Translator. However, most of these systems rely on a 2-stage or 3-stage cascaded approach to speech translation. Additionally, languages with accent types, tonal languages, and those with special sounds pose challenges to text-based translations. Therefore, the direct Speech-to-Speech Translation S2ST approach is a more practical and inclusive alternative to traditional cascade approaches.

Login New user? In the first approach, the translation model is trained to predict the spectrogram for the target speech. Read more articles ».

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It is also used in Windows, Apple and other systems. There is a base layout, and an alternative layout when the Shift key is pressed. If you have any questions about it, please contact us. We are constantly improving our dictionaries. Still, it is possible that some words are not available. You can ask other members in forums, or send us email.

Demonstrated meaning in punjabi

Meaning and definitions of demonstrate, translation in Punjabi language for demonstrate with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of demonstrate in Punjabi and in English language. What demonstrate means in Punjabi, demonstrate meaning in Punjabi, demonstrate definition, examples and pronunciation of demonstrate in Punjabi language. Go To Android App.

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We had samples for training, which is much smaller than the dataset used in the state-of-the-art models in speech processing, such as Whisper and SeamlessM4T. The sampled signals are then either used as such [ 13 ] or are converted to a frequency representation of a signal spectrogram, MFCC [ 14 ] , [ 6 ] for feeding as input to the machine learning models. The discrete units are created from raw English and Punjabi audio. Our research specifically sought to i explore the performance of discretized speech representation approaches and ii develop speech translation for low resource languages. Researchers often collect and use their own data in such cases, making it challenging to compare results [ 10 ] , [ 12 ]. Corresponding author. The games gets challenging as you succeed and gets easier if you find the words not so easy. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire The HADS see Appendix for copyright statement consists of 14 items to assess anxiety 7 items and depression 7 items. Shabdkosh Premium. Further, since the original audio samples are of different lengths, the resulting sequence of discrete units is also of varying lengths for different samples in the dataset. The Whisper model is chosen during evaluation as it is the state-of-the-art model for ASR. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. However, three bilingual health professionals, not involved in the translation process, independently assessed equivalence of the Punjabi items with the original English version.

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The difference in the mean sub-scale scores Punjabi minus English was plotted against the mean subscale score for both versions. DL undertook the statistical analysis and drafted the paper. Therefore, the physiological aspects of disease may influence patient's responses to the somatic items, which will fluctuate with changes in health status and certainly impact on the accuracy of case detection. The present study is limited by its analysis of the two original factors, anxiety and depression, and therefore, further research should examine this tri-dimensional structure, especially in medically-ill patients, where the physical aspects of the disease may be a more prominent driving force. The Transformer decoder takes the encoded representation of the discrete units of the source language to produce a sequence of discrete units of the target language. Although this is not the 'gold standard' method for translation, this technique has been employed previously in translation of the HADS. Further, [ 19 ] improves upon the results of the Translatotron model and presents a Translatotron 2 model. Conclusion This study has shown that the Punjabi version of the HADS is a reliable and valid measure of depression and anxiety in medical patients. As mentioned in Section 2 , the current S2ST models predict either the spectrogram as in Translatotron [ 14 ] or the discrete units as in S2UT [ 6 ] of the target language. Support About. Read more articles ». It is a multitask, multimodal, and multilingual model that supports speech-to-speech translation and other tasks such as speech-to-text translation and text-to-speech translation. Correspondence to Deirdre A Lane. We believe that the significant difference in the performance is due to the sample size used for training. Qual Life Res.