Compound containing both ionic and covalent bonds

An ionic bond is a chemical bond between two atoms in which one atom seems to donate its electron to another atom. Covalent bondson the other hand, appear to involve two atoms sharing electrons reach a more stable electron configuration. These compounds contain polyatomic ions. Many of these compounds contain a metal, a nonmetal, and also hydrogen.

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Compound containing both ionic and covalent bonds

Some chemical compounds contain both ionic and covalent bonds. These are ionic compounds that contain polyatomic ions. Often, a compound with both types of bonds contains a metal bonded to an anion of covalently bonded nonmetals. Less often, the cation is polyatomic. Sometimes nonmetals bond to form a cation with enough electronegativity difference from the anion to form an ionic bond! Here are examples of compounds with both ionic and covalent bonds. Remember, an ionic bond occurs when one atom essentially donates a valence electron to another atom. A covalent bond involves atoms sharing electrons. In pure covalent bonds, this sharing is equal. In polar covalent bonds, the electron spends more time with one atom than the other. For example, in potassium cyanide KCN , the carbon C and nitrogen N are both nonmetals, so they share a covalent bond. The potassium atom K is a metal, so it bonds to the nonmetallic anion via an ionic bond. X-ray diffraction of KCN crystals verifies this arrangement.

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In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus of each atom and thus the identity of the element remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons, and form electrically charged particles called ions Figure 2. You can use the periodic table to predict whether an atom will form an anion or a cation, and you can often predict the charge of the resulting ion. Atoms of many main-group metals lose enough electrons to leave them with the same number of electrons as an atom of the preceding noble gas. For example, a neutral calcium atom, with 20 protons and 20 electrons, readily loses two electrons. When atoms of nonmetal elements form ions, they generally gain enough electrons to give them the same number of electrons as an atom of the next noble gas in the periodic table. For example, the neutral bromine atom, with 35 protons and 35 electrons, can gain one electron to provide it with 36 electrons.

Compound containing both ionic and covalent bonds

It has long been known that pure carbon occurs in different forms allotropes including graphite and diamonds. This molecule was named after the architect and inventor R. Buckminster Fuller — , whose signature architectural design was the geodesic dome, characterized by a lattice shell structure supporting a spherical surface.

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As you have learned, ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation a positive ion forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion a negative ion forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds or salts.

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