C++ template specialization

Explicit specialization may be declared in aquatex scope where its primary template may be defined which may be different from the scope where the primary template is defined; such as with out-of-class specialization of a member template.

How to begin Get the book. Practice problems Quizzes. Template Specialization and Partial Template Specialization By Alex Allain Template Specialization In many cases when working with templates, you'll write one generic version for all possible data types and leave it at that--every vector may be implemented in exactly the same way. The idea of template specialization is to override the default template implementation to handle a particular type in a different way. For instance, while most vectors might be implemented as arrays of the given type, you might decide to save some memory and implement vectors of bools as a vector of integers with each bit corresponding to one entry in the vector. So you might have two separate vector classes.

C++ template specialization

Partial specialization may be declared in any scope where its primary template may be defined which may be different from the scope where the primary template is defined; such as with out-of-class specialization of a member template. Partial specialization has to appear after the non-specialized template declaration. The following restrictions apply to the argument-list of a partial template specialization:. Partial template specializations are not found by name lookup. Only if the primary template is found by name lookup, its partial specializations are considered. In particular, a using declaration that makes a primary template visible, makes partial specializations visible as well:. Informally "A is more specialized than B" means "A accepts a subset of the types that B accepts". Formally, to establish more-specialized-than relationship between partial specializations, each is first converted to a fictitious function template as follows:. The function templates are then ranked as if for function template overloading. The template parameter list and the template argument list of a member of a partial specialization must match the parameter list and the argument list of the partial specialization. Just like with members of primary templates, they only need to be defined if used in the program.

The compiler then generates a specific class or function when we later provide specific types as arguments.

This tutorial will give the idea of the template specialization, but will be limited to just the basic. In other words, a template is a mechanism that allows a programmer to use types as parameters for a class or a function. The compiler then generates a specific class or function when we later provide specific types as arguments. In a sense, templates provide static compile-time polymorphism , as opposed to dynamic run-time polymorphism. However, sometimes a template cannot or should not be applied to a certain types of data. In the example below, we have add function which takes two parameter and returns the same type of data after adding the two args.

How to begin Get the book. Practice problems Quizzes. Template Specialization and Partial Template Specialization By Alex Allain Template Specialization In many cases when working with templates, you'll write one generic version for all possible data types and leave it at that--every vector may be implemented in exactly the same way. The idea of template specialization is to override the default template implementation to handle a particular type in a different way. For instance, while most vectors might be implemented as arrays of the given type, you might decide to save some memory and implement vectors of bools as a vector of integers with each bit corresponding to one entry in the vector. So you might have two separate vector classes. The first class would look like this. So we might make our boolean vector look a little bit different by representing the data as an array of integers whose bits we manually manipulate.

C++ template specialization

Partial specialization may be declared in any scope where its primary template may be defined which may be different from the scope where the primary template is defined; such as with out-of-class specialization of a member template. Partial specialization has to appear after the non-specialized template declaration. The following restrictions apply to the argument-list of a partial template specialization:. Partial template specializations are not found by name lookup. Only if the primary template is found by name lookup, its partial specializations are considered. In particular, a using declaration that makes a primary template visible, makes partial specializations visible as well:. Informally "A is more specialized than B" means "A accepts a subset of the types that B accepts". Formally, to establish more-specialized-than relationship between partial specializations, each is first converted to a fictitious function template as follows:.

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Other operators. Declaration syntax. Like Article. Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. So, if the intention of the design is different from the initial one, we may want to redefine the operation in a separate template. Keywords Escape sequences. Improve Improve. Let's make this more concrete with an example. Class template Function template. Namespace alias definition. Please Login to comment Logical operators.

Every template is parameterized by one or more template parameters, indicated in the parameter-list of the template declaration syntax:. A structural type is one of the following types optionally cv-qualified, the qualifiers are ignored :.

Logical operators. Integer literals Floating-point literals Boolean literals Character literals. Please Login to comment View all page feedback. Provide product feedback. Was this page helpful? Copy constructor. In a sense, templates provide static compile-time polymorphism , as opposed to dynamic run-time polymorphism. Template Specialization and Partial Template Specialization By Alex Allain Template Specialization In many cases when working with templates, you'll write one generic version for all possible data types and leave it at that--every vector may be implemented in exactly the same way. But when the user feeds characters into the parameter, the meaning is not obvious. How can it be prevented? When we designed the function add T x, T y , the meaning was clear: add the two numbers. For other data types, we have to use some other complex technique.