Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

The alpha-glucosidase inhibitors acarbose, miglitol, voglibose alpha glucosidase inhibitors been studied extensively in Europe and Japan; two of them, acarbose and miglitol, are available in the United States.

Cardiovascular Diabetology volume 18 , Article number: Cite this article. Metrics details. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors AGIs have been shown to reduce incident type 2 diabetes but their impact on cardiovascular CV disease remains controversial. Of ten trials identified, three met our inclusion criteria for incident type 2 diabetes and four were eligible for CV outcomes. There was little to no heterogeneity between studies, with I 2 values of 0.

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Federal government websites often end in. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. The site is secure. NCBI Bookshelf. Manahil Akmal ; Roopma Wadhwa. Authors Manahil Akmal ; Roopma Wadhwa 1. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors AGIs are a group of antidiabetic drugs used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This activity outlines the indications, mechanism of action, contraindications, adverse effects, monitoring, and other key elements required by healthcare professionals involved in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Objectives: Identify the mechanism of action and administration of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Describe the adverse effects and contraindications of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Review the appropriate monitoring and toxicity of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Summarize interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to optimize the use of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and improve outcomes. Access free multiple choice questions on this topic.

Only a small number of eligible trials could be identified, although it is noteworthy that for CV outcomes no other alpha glucosidase inhibitors with published CV outcomes would have been excluded by our selection criteria. Alpha glucosidase inhibitors. Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus requires an interdisciplinary approach; the primary care provider, the pharmacist, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, and the nurse practitioner should educate the patients regarding side effects and instruct them to maintain an appropriately healthy diet.

There is only one tablet of this type used, called acarbose. It is usually used when a healthy diet and physical activity alone has been unsuccessful, although it is sometimes used together with a sulphonylurea. Acarbose works by slowing down the absorption of starchy foods from the intestine. This means that blood glucose levels rise more slowly after meals. Acarbose should always be chewed with the first mouthful of food or swallowed whole with a little liquid immediately before the meal. All medication has side effects and you should check the patient information leaflet PIL supplied with your medication to see which side effects you might experience from your particular medication.

The alpha-glucosidase inhibitors acarbose, miglitol, voglibose have been studied extensively in Europe and Japan; two of them, acarbose and miglitol, are available in the United States. Taken orally, they inhibit the upper gastrointestinal enzymes alpha-glucosidases that convert complex polysaccharide carbohydrates into monosaccharides in a dose-dependent fashion. These drugs therefore slow the absorption of dietary carbohydrate; the slower rise in postprandial blood glucose concentrations is potentially beneficial in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In addition, the transfer of polysaccharides to the more distal small intestine increases the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 GLP-1 and several other gut hormones [ 1 ]. In older patients with type 2 diabetes, acarbose may also increase insulin sensitivity [ 2 ], although this may have been a nonspecific effect associated with improved glycemia.

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

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The membrane-bound intestinal alpha-glucosidases hydrolyze oligosaccharides , trisaccharides , and disaccharides to glucose and other monosaccharides in the small intestine. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. Published : 17 October Selection of eligible trials. They may be used as monotherapy in conjunction with an appropriate diabetic diet and exercise, or they may be used in conjunction with other anti-diabetic drugs. All analyses were performed using SAS version 9. Acarbose Miglitol Voglibose. The recently completed Acarbose Cardiovascular Evaluation ACE trial [ 5 ] was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 4 study conducted in China that recruited patients with coronary heart disease and IGT. Endocr Pract. In patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 , alpha-glucosidase inhibitors use has not been officially approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the US but some data exists on the effectiveness in this population, showing potential benefits weighted against an increased risk of hypoglycemia. RLC contributed to the literature search, design of the study and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Voglibose for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind trial in Japanese individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. This makes them particularly useful for patients who have renal, cardiorespiratory, or liver problems, who are at a higher risk for developing lactic acidosis and, therefore, are not good candidates for metformin therapy. PMID

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors AGIs are oral anti-diabetic drugs used for diabetes mellitus type 2 that work by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates such as starch and table sugar.

Related information. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors AGIs are a group of antidiabetic drugs used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Invest. A Cochrane systematic review assessed the effect of AGIs in people with impaired glucose tolerance , impaired fasting blood glucose , elevated glycated hemoglobin A1c HbA1c. Their effects on blood sugar levels following meals will depend on the amount of complex carbohydrates in the meal. Drug Therapy In Nursing. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are administered orally. Given that this meta-analysis demonstrates that allocation of people with IGT to an AGI can significantly reduce their risk of incident diabetes, AGIs should be considered as one approach to delaying or preventing new-onset diabetes in people with or without pre-existing CV disease. Disaccharides such as sucrose and polysaccharides would not be suitable for reversing hypoglycemia in patients taking AGIs as the effects of the drug would impair their digestion and absorption. Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrates that the overall impact of AGIs on CV outcomes is neutral, it is clear that they cannot be indicated for CV secondary prevention. Moreover, acarbose inhibits pancreatic alpha-amylase in addition to alpha-glucosidase, and is degraded by gut bacterial maltogenic alpha-amylase and cyclomaltodextrinase. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors AGIs are oral anti-diabetic drugs used for diabetes mellitus type 2 that work by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates such as starch and table sugar. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient. There is only one tablet of this type used, called acarbose.